2 Subject-Verb Agreement
Do I need an s at the end of the verb? Or should I leave the s off?
3 This presentation covers maintaining agreement between subjects and verbs.
4 A subject-verb agreement item on an objective test might look like this . . .
5 Sample Item The foods that provide good nutrition are A B
often the least tasty; a hamburger and fries, on the other hand, satisfy the tongue but C clog the arteries. provides are satisfies No change is necessary. The foods that provide good nutrition is A B often the least tasty; a hamburger and fries, on the other hand, satisfy the tongue but C clog the arteries. provides are satisfies No change is necessary. The foods that provide good nutrition is often the least tasty; a hamburger and fries, on the other hand, satisfy the tongue but clog the arteries. provides are satisfies No change is necessary. Is needs to be the plural are, which option B fixes. Does disagreement happen at provide, is, or satisfy?
6 Agreement in a Nutshell
The elephant trumpets for a peanut. elephant = singular subject trumpets = singular verb The elephants trumpet for peanuts. elephants = plural subject trumpet = plural verb
7 In the present tense, singular verbs end in the suffix s; plural verbs do not.
8 Two [or more] singular nouns joined by and make a plural subject.
The chicken wing and pork rib sit untouched on Ruth’s plate. Because there’s no s at the end of sit, you know it’s a plural verb.
9 When each or every precedes two [or more] singular nouns joined by and, you have a singular subject.
Every chicken wing and pork rib sits untouched on Ruth’s plate. Because there is an s at the end of sit, you know it’s a singular verb.
10 In this situation, no matter how many singular nouns you join with and, the subject is still singular. Every chicken wing, pork rib, slice of pepperoni pizza, hotdog, hamburger, steak, and fried shrimp sits untouched on Ruth’s plate. X X X X I’m a vegetarian! X X
11 Not only the boss but also her employees wish the shift would end.
Use caution with these three conjunctions: either … or, neither … nor, and not only … but also. Not only the boss but also her employees wish the shift would end. Not only the employees but also their boss wishes the shift would end. Not only the employees but also their boss wish the shift would end. If you flip the two subjects, so that employees is next to the verb, then wish will work! You’ll have two subjects, but only the closer one — in this case boss — counts!
12 These indefinite pronouns are always singular [even when they seem plural].
Each, either, neither Anyone, anybody, anything Everyone, everybody, everything No one, nobody, nothing Someone, somebody, something
13 Everyone on Earth = more than one person—billions of people, in fact
Everyone on Earth = more than one person—billions of people, in fact. The word everyone, however, is still singular.
14 Beware interrupting phrases.
As well as Along with Together with Including In addition to Especially The squirrel as well as the pigeons keeps an eye on Sammy, the sneaky cat. The squirrel as well as the pigeons keep an eye on Sammy, the sneaky cat. The squirrel as well as the pigeons keep an eye on Sammy, the sneaky cat. This sentence might sound right, but it is completely wrong! Bad kitty!
15 Beware inverted word order.
Here are the onions you need for the chili. In the refrigerator are the jalapeño peppers you might want to add. Here is the onions you need for the chili. In the refrigerator is the jalapeño peppers you might want to add. Here are the onions you need for the chili. In the refrigerator is the jalapeño peppers you might want to add. Cross through prepositional phrases to find the real subject! Here and there are never the subjects.
16 Quick Test Directions: In the items that follow, choose the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose “No change is necessary.” Show me what you know.
17 Item 1 In the cabinet are the tools that you will need to A
unclog the bathroom sink; I have found that a B plunger and a prayer often do the trick. C are has does No change is necessary. In the cabinet is the tools that you will need to unclog the bathroom sink; I have found that a plunger and a prayer often do the trick. are has does No change is necessary. In the cabinet is the tools that you will need to A unclog the bathroom sink; I have found that a B plunger and a prayer often do the trick. C are has does No change is necessary.
18 Item 2 Here are the books that Thomas and Darlene A
need for their research, and here are the earplugs B that you’ll require once they both doze off in C boredom and start snoring. is are dozes No change is necessary. Here are the books that Thomas and Darlene need for their research, and here is the earplugs that you’ll require once they both doze off in boredom and start snoring. is are dozes No change is necessary. Here are the books that Thomas and Darlene A need for their research, and here is the earplugs B that you’ll require once they both doze off in C boredom and start snoring. is are dozes No change is necessary.
19 Item 3 Jasmine and Rodney have decided to double the A
number of cupcakes that they are baking since B everyone loves moist cake and chocolate frosting. C has is loves No change is necessary. Jasmine and Rodney have decided to double the number of cupcakes that they are baking since everyone love moist cake and chocolate frosting. has is loves No change is necessary. Jasmine and Rodney have decided to double the A number of cupcakes that they are baking since B everyone love moist cake and chocolate frosting. C has is loves No change is necessary.
20 Item 4 Not only those students but also their professor
looks forward to the final exam; everyone has A B exciting vacation plans that start next Monday. C looks have starts No change is necessary. Not only those students but also their professor look forward to the final exam; everyone has exciting vacation plans that start next Monday. looks have starts No change is necessary. Not only those students but also their professor look forward to the final exam; everyone has A B exciting vacation plans that start next Monday. C looks have starts No change is necessary.
21 Item 5 At the pet store, each iguana, mouse, and gerbil
tries to climb the walls of its glass cage while A humans hover outside like giant predators who are B C ready to strike. tries hovers is No change is necessary. At the pet store, each iguana, mouse, and gerbil try to climb the walls of its glass cage while humans hover outside like giant predators who are ready to strike. tries hovers is No change is necessary. At the pet store, each iguana, mouse, and gerbil try to climb the walls of its glass cage while A humans hover outside like giant predators who are B C ready to strike. tries hovers is No change is necessary.
22 Item 6 Tyrone, as well as his cousins, hopes that Grandma A
brings her famous brownies and peach pie that B drip with generous scoops of vanilla ice cream. C hopes bring drips No change is necessary. Tyrone, as well as his cousins, hope that Grandma brings her famous brownies and peach pie that drip with generous scoops of vanilla ice cream. hopes bring drips No change is necessary. Tyrone, as well as his cousins, hope that Grandma A brings her famous brownies and peach pie that B drip with generous scoops of vanilla ice cream. C hopes bring drips No change is necessary.
23 Item 7 Either the dogs or the cat sleeps on the bed while A
everyone is out; Lorraine always finds an B C indentation in the center of her comforter. sleeps are find No change is necessary. Either the dogs or the cat sleep on the bed while everyone is out; Lorraine always finds an indentation in the center of her comforter. sleeps are find No change is necessary. Either the dogs or the cat sleep on the bed while A everyone is out; Lorraine always finds an B C indentation in the center of her comforter. sleeps are find No change is necessary.
24 Item 8 Meryl, together with her friends Beatrice and Laverne,
plans a daily trip for ice cream, for these women A have discovered that the calories are worth seeing B C Theo scoop their servings with his muscular arms. plan has are No change is necessary. Meryl, together with her friends Beatrice and Laverne, plans a daily trip for ice cream, for these women have discovered that the calories is worth seeing Theo scoop their servings with his muscular arms. plan has are No change is necessary. Meryl, together with her friends Beatrice and Laverne, plans a daily trip for ice cream, for these women A have discovered that the calories is worth seeing B C Theo scoop their servings with his muscular arms. plan has are No change is necessary.
25 Item 9 The scissors are sharp, so neither the cousins nor A
Timmy is allowed to play with them, even when the B boys need to finish a school project. C is are need No change is necessary. The scissors are sharp, so neither the cousins nor Timmy is allowed to play with them, even when the boys needs to finish a school project. is are need No change is necessary. The scissors are sharp, so neither the cousins nor A Timmy is allowed to play with them, even when the B boys needs to finish a school project. C is are need No change is necessary.
26 Item 10 Each fork, spoon, and knife is scarred from the A
disposal since Drew refuses to check the drain B before he throws the switch. C is refuse throw No change is necessary. Each fork, spoon, and knife are scarred from the disposal since Drew refuses to check the drain before he throws the switch. is refuse throw No change is necessary. Each fork, spoon, and knife are scarred from the A disposal since Drew refuses to check the drain B before he throws the switch. C is refuse throw No change is necessary.
27 Kanye West is the worst rapper in the universe
Kanye West is the worst rapper in the universe. He just needs to stick to making weird clothes that nobody likes. chomp! chomp!
28 The End. Bad kitty!